Ratios & metrics
Profitability, returns on capital, growth, and credit — all derived from the historical income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow rows in our data warehouse.
Valuation multiples
Price- and EV-based multiples plus shareholder yields. Snapshot at each fiscal year-end from key_metrics (FMP).
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Headline | |||||||
| Market cap | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Enterprise value | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Multiples | |||||||
| P / E | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| P / B | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| EV / EBITDA | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| EV / Sales | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| EV / FCF | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Yields | |||||||
| Earnings yield | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Free cash flow yield | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Dividend yield | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Profitability
Margin structure across the last 5 fiscal years
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Margins | |||||||
| Gross margin | +12.08% | +13.25% | +15.92% | +17.82% | +15.76% | +16.98% | +16.25% |
| Operating margin | +12.08% | +13.25% | +15.92% | +17.82% | +17.69% | +16.06% | +16.12% |
| EBITDA margin | +13.33% | +15.08% | +18.36% | +20.19% | +19.36% | +19.10% | +18.78% |
| EBIT margin | +11.92% | +13.46% | +16.91% | +18.70% | +17.47% | +18.20% | +17.33% |
| Pre-tax margin | +14.29% | +13.25% | +17.19% | +19.95% | +17.47% | +17.93% | +18.34% |
| Net margin | +11.31% | +10.51% | +13.65% | +15.82% | +13.75% | +14.53% | +14.11% |
| Cost structure | |||||||
| Cost of revenue / sales | +87.92% | +86.75% | +84.08% | +82.18% | +84.25% | +84.85% | +82.38% |
| R&D intensity | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| SG&A intensity | +24.24% | +23.53% | +1.00% | +0.88% | +1.82% | +1.20% | +1.26% |
| Effective tax rate | +20.87% | +20.69% | +20.62% | +20.73% | +21.29% | +20.74% | +20.33% |
Returns on capital
ROE / ROA / ROC / ROIC over the relevant capital base, plus the 3-step DuPont decomposition of ROE.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Returns | |||||||
| Return on equity (ROE) | +22.19% | +20.61% | +26.83% | +30.21% | +24.50% | +27.04% | +27.11% |
| Return on assets (ROA) | +13.29% | +13.33% | +18.04% | +20.78% | +16.67% | +18.85% | +18.34% |
| Return on capital (ROC) | +22.15% | +23.95% | +31.29% | +33.91% | +31.51% | +29.85% | +30.93% |
| Return on invested capital (ROIC) | +20.74% | +19.01% | +26.83% | +30.09% | +24.50% | +27.01% | +27.08% |
| Asset turnover | +117.48% | +126.82% | +132.24% | +131.38% | +121.21% | +129.77% | +129.97% |
| DuPont · ROE decomposition | |||||||
| Net margin | +11.31% | +10.51% | +13.65% | +15.82% | +13.75% | +14.53% | +14.11% |
| Asset turnover (× revenue / assets) | +117.48% | +126.82% | +132.24% | +131.38% | +121.21% | +129.77% | +129.97% |
| Equity multiplier (× assets / equity) | +167.01% | +154.61% | +148.66% | +145.36% | +146.95% | +143.41% | +147.83% |
Activity & efficiency
Turnover ratios and days-outstanding — how efficiently the business converts assets and working capital into sales and cash.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turnover | |||||||
| Asset turnover | 1.17 | 1.27 | 1.32 | 1.31 | 1.21 | 1.30 | 1.30 |
| Fixed-asset turnover | 7.03 | 6.86 | 7.39 | 7.39 | 7.12 | — | — |
| Inventory turnover | — | -253.36 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Receivables turnover | 5.50 | 5.41 | 5.15 | 5.28 | 5.53 | — | — |
| Payables turnover | 16.74 | 15.10 | 16.08 | 16.85 | — | — | — |
| Days outstanding | |||||||
| Days sales outstanding (DSO) | 66.39 | 67.46 | 70.88 | 69.07 | 66.01 | — | — |
| Days inventory outstanding (DIO) | — | -1.44 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Days payables outstanding (DPO) | 21.80 | 24.17 | 22.69 | 21.66 | — | — | — |
| Cash conversion cycle | 44.59 | 41.85 | 48.19 | 47.41 | 66.01 | — | — |
Cash flow quality
How well reported earnings translate into operating and free cash flow, plus reinvestment intensity.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating CF / Net income | 1.35 | 1.23 | 0.85 | 1.02 | 1.23 | 1.02 | 1.06 |
| FCF / Net income | 0.85 | 1.00 | 0.65 | 0.81 | 1.02 | 0.80 | 0.86 |
| FCF margin | +9.64% | +10.53% | +8.83% | +12.82% | +14.04% | +11.62% | +12.20% |
| OCF margin | +15.29% | +12.89% | +11.66% | +16.11% | +16.88% | +14.83% | +14.95% |
| CapEx / Revenue | +5.65% | +2.37% | +2.83% | +3.29% | +2.84% | +2.98% | +3.02% |
| CapEx / D&A | 3.03 | 1.30 | 1.73 | 1.95 | — | — | — |
| Stock-based comp / Revenue | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | -2.33% | — | — |
Per-share & shareholder yield
EPS, book value, sales, cash flow and dividends per share — plus payout / retention.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EPS · diluted | 5.69 | 5.71 | 8.53 | 11.48 | 10.62 | 12.66 | 12.70 |
| EPS · basic | 6.40 | 6.41 | 9.58 | 12.89 | 12.01 | 14.08 | 14.22 |
| Book value / share | 29.07 | 31.36 | 31.56 | 37.72 | 43.34 | 43.02 | 45.20 |
| Tangible BV / share | 29.07 | 30.43 | 32.50 | 37.72 | 43.34 | 43.02 | 45.20 |
| Sales / share | 57.03 | 61.49 | 62.05 | 72.03 | 77.20 | 80.06 | 86.84 |
| Operating CF / share | 8.72 | 7.93 | 7.24 | 11.60 | 13.03 | 11.87 | 12.99 |
| Free cash flow / share | 5.50 | 6.47 | 5.48 | 9.23 | 10.84 | 9.30 | 10.60 |
| Dividends / share | 4.17 | 4.48 | 4.21 | 4.51 | 4.83 | 5.28 | 5.67 |
| Payout ratio | +64.73% | +69.25% | +49.70% | +39.56% | +45.46% | +45.37% | +46.30% |
| Retention ratio | +35.27% | +30.75% | +50.30% | +60.44% | +54.54% | +54.63% | +53.70% |
Growth
Year-over-year change for headline P&L lines, plus through-cycle CAGR
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 6y CAGR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Top-line | ||||||||
| Revenue · YoY | — | +7.83% | +15.10% | +16.10% | +7.17% | +2.73% | +10.39% | +9.79% |
| Gross profit · YoY | — | +18.27% | +38.29% | +30.02% | -5.27% | +10.75% | +5.64% | +15.36% |
| Profit | ||||||||
| Operating income · YoY | — | +18.27% | +38.29% | +30.02% | +6.37% | -6.74% | +10.80% | +15.20% |
| EBITDA · YoY | — | +21.98% | +40.11% | +27.67% | +2.75% | +1.35% | +8.53% | +16.23% |
| Net income · YoY | — | +0.24% | +49.40% | +34.58% | -6.83% | +8.54% | +7.21% | +13.91% |
| Operating | ||||||||
| EBIT · YoY | — | +21.73% | +44.62% | +28.40% | +0.11% | +7.04% | +5.09% | +16.85% |
| R&D · YoY | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Per-share | ||||||||
| EPS · diluted · YoY | — | +0.35% | +49.39% | +34.58% | -7.49% | +19.21% | +0.32% | +14.32% |
| EPS · basic · YoY | — | +0.16% | +49.45% | +34.55% | -6.83% | +17.26% | +0.96% | +14.23% |
Credit & leverage
Balance-sheet health + interest coverage + liquidity. Coverage ratios use period-end debt and trailing interest expense.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leverage | |||||||
| Total debt | $93.83M | $122.5M | $0 | $7.51M | $0 | $2.74M | $3.01M |
| Net debt | -$89.87M | -$19.59M | -$144.06M | -$267.33M | -$345.87M | -$271.88M | -$303.33M |
| Net debt / EBITDA | -0.26 | -0.05 | -0.24 | -0.35 | -0.44 | -0.34 | -0.35 |
| Debt / equity | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Debt / assets | +4.19% | +5.47% | 0.00% | +0.26% | 0.00% | +0.09% | +0.08% |
| Equity / assets | +59.88% | +64.68% | +67.27% | +68.80% | +68.05% | +69.73% | +67.64% |
| Coverage | |||||||
| EBITDA / interest expense | 85.00 | 213.25 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Operating income / interest | 76.98 | 187.26 | — | — | — | — | — |
| Interest expense | $4.13M | $2.01M | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| Liquidity | |||||||
| Current ratio | 1.21 | 1.10 | 1.31 | 1.43 | 1.27 | — | — |
| Quick ratio | 1.11 | 0.98 | 1.21 | 1.29 | 1.18 | — | — |
| Cash ratio | 0.29 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.34 | 0.37 | — | — |
| Working capital | $132.87M | $70.3M | $221.21M | $342.52M | $253.59M | — | — |
| Working capital / revenue | +5.04% | +2.48% | +6.77% | +9.03% | +6.23% | — | — |
Methodology. ROE / ROA / ROC use period-end balance-sheet denominators (no average-of- period smoothing). ROIC = Operating Income × (1 − inferred effective tax rate) over invested capital, with the effective tax inferred from net-to-operating income when both are positive and a 25% default otherwise. Net debt / EBITDA, debt ratios, and interest-coverage ratios are calculated point-in-time at each fiscal year-end. TTM = trailing 4 quarters (income / cash flow summed, balance sheet = most-recent quarterly snapshot). Through-cycle CAGR in the Growth panel uses the geometric mean of first-to-last period growth across the window (positive values only).