Explain this page
Arphra AIPlain-English read on Oracle Corporation’s valuationRatios & metrics
Profitability, returns on capital, growth, and credit — all derived from the historical income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow rows in our data warehouse.
Quality composite
B+Solid
A snapshot of the latest fiscal year’s margins, returns on capital, balance-sheet strength and efficiency, computed from the income statement, balance sheet and cash-flow rows. Source income / balance / cash_flow.
Profitability
Gross margin70.5%
Operating margin30.8%
Net margin21.7%
ROE59.3%
ROA7.4%
ROIC13.6%
Liquidity & leverage
Current ratio0.75×
Quick ratio0.75×
Debt / equity4.96×
Net debt / EBITDA3.90×
Interest coverage5×
Efficiency & per-share
Asset turnover0.34×
Inventory days0
Days sales out.54
FCF / share$-0.14
Book value / share$7.32
Valuation multiples
Price- and EV-based multiples plus shareholder yields. Snapshot at each fiscal year-end from key_metrics (FMP).
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E | 2030E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Headline | |||||||||
| Market cap | — | — | — | $321.57B | $461.66B | — | — | — | — |
| Enterprise value | — | — | — | $405.58B | $554.98B | — | — | — | — |
| Multiples | |||||||||
| P / E | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| P / B | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| EV / EBITDA | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| EV / Sales | — | — | — | 7.66 | 9.67 | — | — | — | — |
| EV / FCF | — | — | — | 34.35 | -1408.58 | — | — | — | — |
| Yields | |||||||||
| Earnings yield | — | — | — | +3.25% | +2.70% | — | — | — | — |
| Free cash flow yield | — | — | — | +3.67% | -0.09% | — | — | — | — |
| Dividend yield | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Profitability
Margin structure across the last 5 fiscal years
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E | 2030E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Margins | |||||||||
| Gross margin | +80.59% | +79.08% | +72.85% | +71.41% | +70.51% | +73.70% | +73.34% | +71.76% | +70.11% |
| Operating margin | +37.58% | +25.74% | +26.21% | +28.99% | +30.80% | +27.90% | +28.67% | +29.33% | +28.32% |
| EBITDA margin | +45.48% | +31.87% | +37.51% | +40.40% | +41.66% | +40.18% | +39.46% | +38.80% | +39.21% |
| EBIT margin | +38.28% | +24.51% | +25.29% | +28.80% | +30.90% | +28.12% | +28.13% | +28.45% | +28.50% |
| Pre-tax margin | +32.11% | +18.02% | +18.27% | +22.17% | +24.67% | +21.66% | +21.88% | +21.46% | +21.08% |
| Net margin | +33.96% | +15.83% | +17.02% | +19.76% | +21.68% | +19.66% | +19.99% | +18.99% | +19.71% |
| Cost structure | |||||||||
| Cost of revenue / sales | +19.41% | +20.92% | +27.15% | +28.59% | +29.49% | +28.88% | +28.33% | +28.05% | +29.20% |
| R&D intensity | +16.12% | +17.01% | +17.26% | +16.83% | +17.18% | +17.03% | +17.11% | +17.31% | +17.20% |
| SG&A intensity | +22.08% | +22.06% | +20.84% | +18.55% | +17.86% | +19.52% | +19.63% | +18.87% | +19.55% |
| Effective tax rate | -5.75% | +12.18% | +6.83% | +10.85% | +12.13% | +9.67% | +9.92% | +10.02% | +10.23% |
Returns on capital
ROE / ROA / ROC / ROIC over the relevant capital base, plus the 3-step DuPont decomposition of ROE.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E | 2030E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Returns | |||||||||
| Return on equity (ROE) | +230.95% | -116.45% | +546.47% | +113.29% | +59.34% | +108.82% | +109.03% | +101.46% | +105.29% |
| Return on assets (ROA) | +10.48% | +6.15% | +6.33% | +7.42% | +7.39% | +7.11% | +7.39% | +6.70% | +7.12% |
| Return on capital (ROC) | +16.87% | +15.59% | +14.23% | +14.80% | +14.13% | +14.34% | +14.13% | +14.85% | +14.58% |
| Return on invested capital (ROIC) | +15.24% | +9.58% | +9.24% | +10.09% | +9.95% | +10.11% | +9.85% | +9.61% | +10.15% |
| Asset turnover | +30.87% | +38.83% | +37.17% | +37.57% | +34.09% | +36.16% | +36.95% | +35.25% | +36.13% |
| DuPont · ROE decomposition | |||||||||
| Net margin | +33.96% | +15.83% | +17.02% | +19.76% | +21.68% | +19.66% | +19.99% | +18.99% | +19.71% |
| Asset turnover (× revenue / assets) | +30.87% | +38.83% | +37.17% | +37.57% | +34.09% | +36.16% | +36.95% | +35.25% | +36.13% |
| Equity multiplier (× assets / equity) | +2202.74% | -1894.89% | +8636.50% | +1525.88% | +802.90% | +1530.82% | +1475.75% | +1515.48% | +1478.45% |
Activity & efficiency
Turnover ratios and days-outstanding — how efficiently the business converts assets and working capital into sales and cash.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E | 2030E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turnover | |||||||||
| Asset turnover | 0.31 | 0.39 | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.34 | 0.36 | 0.37 | 0.35 | 0.36 |
| Fixed-asset turnover | 5.74 | 4.37 | 2.93 | 2.46 | 1.32 | — | — | — | — |
| Inventory turnover | 55.32 | 28.27 | 45.52 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Receivables turnover | 7.48 | 7.13 | 7.22 | 6.73 | 6.71 | — | — | — | — |
| Payables turnover | 10.54 | 6.74 | 11.27 | 6.42 | 3.31 | — | — | — | — |
| Days outstanding | |||||||||
| Days sales outstanding (DSO) | 48.77 | 51.20 | 50.53 | 54.27 | 54.42 | — | — | — | — |
| Days inventory outstanding (DIO) | 6.60 | 12.91 | 8.02 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Days payables outstanding (DPO) | 34.62 | 54.15 | 32.40 | 56.81 | 110.25 | — | — | — | — |
| Cash conversion cycle | 20.75 | 9.96 | 26.15 | -2.55 | -55.83 | — | — | — | — |
Cash flow quality
How well reported earnings translate into operating and free cash flow, plus reinvestment intensity.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E | 2030E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating CF / Net income | 1.16 | 1.42 | 2.02 | 1.78 | 1.67 | 1.79 | 1.80 | 1.86 | 1.81 |
| FCF / Net income | 1.00 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 1.13 | -0.03 | 0.65 | 0.66 | 0.67 | 0.63 |
| FCF margin | +33.97% | +11.85% | +16.96% | +22.29% | -0.69% | +12.84% | +13.16% | +12.66% | +12.51% |
| OCF margin | +39.25% | +22.48% | +34.36% | +35.26% | +36.27% | +35.16% | +35.95% | +35.28% | +35.64% |
| CapEx / Revenue | +5.27% | +10.63% | +17.41% | +12.96% | +36.96% | +22.37% | +21.78% | +22.60% | +22.61% |
| CapEx / D&A | 0.73 | 1.44 | 1.42 | 1.12 | 3.44 | — | — | — | — |
| Stock-based comp / Revenue | +4.54% | +6.16% | +7.10% | +7.50% | +8.14% | — | — | — | — |
Per-share & shareholder yield
EPS, book value, sales, cash flow and dividends per share — plus payout / retention.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E | 2030E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EPS · diluted | 4.55 | 2.41 | 3.07 | 3.71 | 4.34 | 8.06 | 10.88 | 15.33 | 19.75 |
| EPS · basic | 4.67 | 2.49 | 3.15 | 3.81 | 4.46 | 8.31 | 11.18 | 15.97 | 20.24 |
| Book value / share | 1.97 | -2.07 | 0.56 | 3.27 | 7.32 | 5.63 | 8.37 | 11.85 | 14.11 |
| Tangible BV / share | -13.37 | -18.31 | -25.50 | -21.21 | -15.99 | 5.63 | 8.37 | 11.85 | 14.11 |
| Sales / share | 13.39 | 15.23 | 18.06 | 18.76 | 20.03 | 31.16 | 45.64 | 63.28 | 75.35 |
| Operating CF / share | 5.26 | 3.42 | 6.21 | 6.61 | 7.26 | 10.96 | 16.41 | 22.33 | 26.86 |
| Free cash flow / share | 4.55 | 1.80 | 3.06 | 4.18 | -0.14 | 4.00 | 6.00 | 8.01 | 9.43 |
| Dividends / share | 1.01 | 1.24 | 1.33 | 1.56 | 1.65 | 2.46 | 3.54 | 5.18 | 5.91 |
| Payout ratio | +22.28% | +51.47% | +43.14% | +41.95% | +38.12% | +40.13% | +38.84% | +43.10% | +39.81% |
| Retention ratio | +77.72% | +48.53% | +56.86% | +58.05% | +61.88% | +59.87% | +61.16% | +56.90% | +60.19% |
Growth
Year-over-year change for headline P&L lines, plus through-cycle CAGR
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E | 2030E | 8y CAGR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Top-line | ||||||||||
| Revenue · YoY | — | +4.84% | +17.70% | +6.02% | +8.38% | +55.48% | +45.65% | +38.58% | +20.95% | +23.42% |
| Gross profit · YoY | — | +2.88% | +8.42% | +3.92% | +7.02% | +62.52% | +44.94% | +35.60% | +18.17% | +21.29% |
| Profit | ||||||||||
| Operating income · YoY | — | -28.18% | +19.83% | +17.26% | +15.14% | +40.83% | +49.68% | +41.77% | +16.78% | +19.13% |
| EBITDA · YoY | — | -26.53% | +38.54% | +14.17% | +11.77% | +49.96% | +43.04% | +36.28% | +22.21% | +21.15% |
| Net income · YoY | — | -51.13% | +26.59% | +23.10% | +18.88% | +40.98% | +48.15% | +31.65% | +25.52% | +15.30% |
| Operating | ||||||||||
| EBIT · YoY | — | -32.86% | +21.41% | +20.77% | +16.28% | +41.49% | +45.69% | +40.18% | +21.17% | +18.95% |
| R&D · YoY | — | +10.60% | +19.45% | +3.39% | +10.60% | +54.16% | +46.29% | +40.24% | +20.17% | +24.42% |
| Per-share | ||||||||||
| EPS · diluted · YoY | — | -47.03% | +27.39% | +20.85% | +16.98% | +85.60% | +35.07% | +40.90% | +28.85% | +20.14% |
| EPS · basic · YoY | — | -46.68% | +26.51% | +20.95% | +17.06% | +86.32% | +34.56% | +42.81% | +26.77% | +20.12% |
Credit & leverage
Balance-sheet health + interest coverage + liquidity. Coverage ratios use period-end debt and trailing interest expense.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E | 2030E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leverage | |||||||||
| Total debt | $84.25B | $75.86B | $90.48B | $94.47B | $104.1B | $157.48B | $239.91B | $322.14B | $382.42B |
| Net debt | $54.15B | $54.48B | $80.72B | $84.02B | $93.32B | $140.68B | $214.39B | $287.43B | $340.01B |
| Net debt / EBITDA | 2.94 | 4.03 | 4.31 | 3.93 | 3.90 | 3.92 | 4.18 | 4.11 | 3.98 |
| Debt / equity | 14.15 | -13.15 | 58.15 | 10.23 | 4.96 | 9.77 | 10.07 | 9.55 | 9.38 |
| Debt / assets | +64.26% | +69.41% | +67.33% | +67.01% | +61.83% | +63.81% | +68.20% | +63.03% | +63.42% |
| Equity / assets | +4.54% | -5.28% | +1.16% | +6.55% | +12.45% | +6.53% | +6.78% | +6.60% | +6.76% |
| Coverage | |||||||||
| EBITDA / interest expense | 7.38 | 4.91 | 5.35 | 6.09 | 6.68 | 6.13 | 6.02 | 5.90 | 6.03 |
| Operating income / interest | 6.09 | 3.97 | 3.74 | 4.37 | 4.94 | 4.26 | 4.37 | 4.46 | 4.35 |
| Interest expense | $2.5B | $2.76B | $3.51B | $3.51B | $3.58B | $5.85B | $8.53B | $11.86B | $14.18B |
| Liquidity | |||||||||
| Current ratio | 2.30 | 1.62 | 0.91 | 0.72 | 0.75 | — | — | — | — |
| Quick ratio | 2.15 | 1.43 | 0.74 | 0.59 | 0.61 | — | — | — | — |
| Cash ratio | 1.25 | 1.10 | 0.42 | 0.33 | 0.33 | — | — | — | — |
| Working capital | $31.4B | $12.12B | -$2.09B | -$8.99B | -$8.06B | — | — | — | — |
| Working capital / revenue | +77.58% | +28.56% | -4.18% | -16.97% | -14.05% | — | — | — | — |
Sourced from key_metrics + financial_ratios (loaded by load_fundamentals_extended.py).
Valuation
| Metric | FY 2025 | FY 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| P / E | — | — |
| P / B | — | — |
| EV / EBITDA | — | — |
| EV / Sales | 9.67x | 7.66x |
| Earnings yield | 2.7% | 3.3% |
| FCF yield | -0.1% | 3.7% |
Returns
| Metric | FY 2025 | FY 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Gross margin | — | — |
| Operating margin | — | — |
| Net margin | — | — |
| ROE | 60.8% | 120.3% |
| ROA | 7.4% | 7.4% |
| ROIC | 10.9% | 11.3% |
Leverage & liquidity
| Metric | FY 2025 | FY 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Debt / equity | — | — |
| Net debt / EBITDA | 3.90 | 3.93 |
| Interest coverage | — | — |
| Current ratio | 0.75x | 0.72x |
| Quick ratio | — | — |
Methodology. ROE / ROA / ROC use period-end balance-sheet denominators (no average-of- period smoothing). ROIC = Operating Income × (1 − inferred effective tax rate) over invested capital, with the effective tax inferred from net-to-operating income when both are positive and a 25% default otherwise. Net debt / EBITDA, debt ratios, and interest-coverage ratios are calculated point-in-time at each fiscal year-end. TTM = trailing 4 quarters (income / cash flow summed, balance sheet = most-recent quarterly snapshot). Through-cycle CAGR in the Growth panel uses the geometric mean of first-to-last period growth across the window (positive values only).