Explain this page
Arphra AIPlain-English read on CRH plc’s valuationRatios & metrics
Profitability, returns on capital, growth, and credit — all derived from the historical income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow rows in our data warehouse.
Quality composite
BMixed
A snapshot of the latest fiscal year’s margins, returns on capital, balance-sheet strength and efficiency, computed from the income statement, balance sheet and cash-flow rows. Source income / balance / cash_flow.
Profitability
Gross margin36.1%
Operating margin14.2%
Net margin10.0%
ROE14.6%
ROA6.4%
ROIC10.2%
Liquidity & leverage
Current ratio1.74×
Quick ratio1.14×
Debt / equity0.77×
Net debt / EBITDA2.09×
Interest coverage7×
Efficiency & per-share
Asset turnover0.64×
Inventory days80
Days sales out.45
FCF / share$3.72
Book value / share$37.63
Valuation multiples
Price- and EV-based multiples plus shareholder yields. Snapshot at each fiscal year-end from key_metrics (FMP).
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Headline | |||||||||
| Market cap | — | — | — | $63.22B | $84.02B | — | — | — | — |
| Enterprise value | — | — | — | $74.41B | $99.62B | — | — | — | — |
| Multiples | |||||||||
| P / E | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| P / B | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| EV / EBITDA | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| EV / Sales | — | — | — | 2.17 | 2.66 | — | — | — | — |
| EV / FCF | — | — | — | 31.39 | 34.21 | — | — | — | — |
| Yields | |||||||||
| Earnings yield | — | — | — | +5.28% | +4.44% | — | — | — | — |
| Free cash flow yield | — | — | — | +3.75% | +3.47% | — | — | — | — |
| Dividend yield | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Profitability
Margin structure across the last 5 fiscal years
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Margins | |||||||||
| Gross margin | +32.79% | +33.05% | +34.23% | +35.71% | +36.13% | +36.31% | +36.37% | +35.43% | +34.55% |
| Operating margin | +11.45% | +11.49% | +12.81% | +13.84% | +14.21% | +13.77% | +13.91% | +13.54% | +13.50% |
| EBITDA margin | +17.47% | +16.45% | +17.23% | +20.03% | +19.97% | +19.56% | +19.38% | +19.28% | +19.54% |
| EBIT margin | +11.79% | +11.63% | +12.56% | +14.97% | +14.21% | +13.63% | +13.81% | +13.87% | +14.31% |
| Pre-tax margin | +10.62% | +10.58% | +11.44% | +12.95% | +12.90% | +12.62% | +12.41% | +12.36% | +12.32% |
| Net margin | +8.78% | +11.92% | +9.02% | +9.72% | +9.96% | +9.63% | +9.73% | +9.58% | +9.69% |
| Cost structure | |||||||||
| Cost of revenue / sales | +67.21% | +66.95% | +65.77% | +64.29% | +63.87% | +64.72% | +64.07% | +63.59% | +66.20% |
| R&D intensity | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% |
| SG&A intensity | +21.34% | +21.56% | +21.42% | +21.87% | +21.91% | +21.42% | +21.77% | +21.54% | +22.32% |
| Effective tax rate | +21.30% | +22.02% | +23.14% | +23.56% | +21.55% | +22.17% | +23.09% | +23.13% | +23.56% |
Returns on capital
ROE / ROA / ROC / ROIC over the relevant capital base, plus the 3-step DuPont decomposition of ROE.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Returns | |||||||||
| Return on equity (ROE) | +12.26% | +16.94% | +14.59% | +15.13% | +14.64% | +15.15% | +14.97% | +15.13% | +15.03% |
| Return on assets (ROA) | +5.74% | +8.61% | +6.64% | +6.83% | +6.39% | +6.55% | +6.75% | +6.81% | +6.71% |
| Return on capital (ROC) | +10.11% | +11.08% | +12.92% | +12.90% | +11.78% | +12.91% | +12.75% | +12.46% | +12.53% |
| Return on invested capital (ROIC) | +7.76% | +11.51% | +9.10% | +9.06% | +8.26% | +9.03% | +8.91% | +8.81% | +8.99% |
| Asset turnover | +65.38% | +72.21% | +73.62% | +70.28% | +64.20% | +67.98% | +69.41% | +71.07% | +69.32% |
| DuPont · ROE decomposition | |||||||||
| Net margin | +8.78% | +11.92% | +9.02% | +9.72% | +9.96% | +9.63% | +9.73% | +9.58% | +9.69% |
| Asset turnover (× revenue / assets) | +65.38% | +72.21% | +73.62% | +70.28% | +64.20% | +67.98% | +69.41% | +71.07% | +69.32% |
| Equity multiplier (× assets / equity) | +213.59% | +196.70% | +219.55% | +221.50% | +228.94% | +231.49% | +221.70% | +222.27% | +223.89% |
Activity & efficiency
Turnover ratios and days-outstanding — how efficiently the business converts assets and working capital into sales and cash.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turnover | |||||||||
| Asset turnover | 0.65 | 0.72 | 0.74 | 0.70 | 0.64 | 0.68 | 0.69 | 0.71 | 0.69 |
| Fixed-asset turnover | 1.50 | 1.73 | 1.83 | 1.57 | 1.42 | — | — | — | — |
| Inventory turnover | 5.44 | 5.22 | 5.36 | 4.81 | 4.56 | — | — | — | — |
| Receivables turnover | 3.50 | 3.98 | 7.75 | 7.38 | 8.07 | — | — | — | — |
| Payables turnover | 7.20 | 7.48 | 7.30 | 7.13 | 8.61 | — | — | — | — |
| Days outstanding | |||||||||
| Days sales outstanding (DSO) | 104.20 | 91.64 | 47.07 | 49.46 | 45.23 | — | — | — | — |
| Days inventory outstanding (DIO) | 67.14 | 69.87 | 68.14 | 75.89 | 80.13 | — | — | — | — |
| Days payables outstanding (DPO) | 50.71 | 48.82 | 50.00 | 51.18 | 42.38 | — | — | — | — |
| Cash conversion cycle | 120.64 | 112.70 | 65.20 | 74.16 | 82.98 | — | — | — | — |
Cash flow quality
How well reported earnings translate into operating and free cash flow, plus reinvestment intensity.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating CF / Net income | 1.65 | 0.98 | 1.60 | 1.46 | 1.29 | 1.45 | 1.40 | 1.43 | 1.40 |
| FCF / Net income | 1.05 | 0.59 | 1.03 | 0.71 | 0.68 | 0.79 | 0.78 | 0.78 | 0.79 |
| FCF margin | +9.20% | +7.07% | +9.28% | +6.90% | +6.73% | +7.59% | +7.63% | +7.44% | +7.62% |
| OCF margin | +14.52% | +11.72% | +14.48% | +14.15% | +12.90% | +13.97% | +13.61% | +13.71% | +13.59% |
| CapEx / Revenue | +5.32% | +4.65% | +5.20% | +7.25% | +6.17% | +6.35% | +6.27% | +6.16% | +6.34% |
| CapEx / D&A | 1.01 | 0.96 | 1.01 | 1.38 | 1.07 | — | — | — | — |
| Stock-based comp / Revenue | +0.38% | +0.31% | +0.35% | +0.36% | +0.38% | — | — | — | — |
Per-share & shareholder yield
EPS, book value, sales, cash flow and dividends per share — plus payout / retention.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EPS · diluted | 3.26 | 4.75 | 4.33 | 5.02 | 5.51 | 5.94 | 6.69 | 7.47 | 8.65 |
| EPS · basic | 3.29 | 4.78 | 4.36 | 5.06 | 5.54 | 5.94 | 6.72 | 7.54 | 8.62 |
| Book value / share | 23.44 | 28.02 | 26.94 | 32.00 | 37.63 | 37.54 | 40.17 | 41.58 | 45.68 |
| Tangible BV / share | 12.40 | 15.51 | 14.23 | 14.82 | 15.26 | 37.54 | 40.17 | 41.58 | 45.68 |
| Sales / share | 32.74 | 39.80 | 43.55 | 49.82 | 55.31 | 59.08 | 61.82 | 65.68 | 70.90 |
| Operating CF / share | 4.76 | 4.67 | 6.31 | 7.05 | 7.13 | 8.25 | 8.41 | 9.00 | 9.64 |
| Free cash flow / share | 3.01 | 2.81 | 4.04 | 3.44 | 3.72 | 4.49 | 4.71 | 4.89 | 5.40 |
| Dividends / share | 1.01 | 1.12 | 1.17 | 2.39 | 1.25 | 1.87 | 2.03 | 2.13 | 2.28 |
| Payout ratio | +35.19% | +23.62% | +29.71% | +49.31% | +22.73% | +32.91% | +33.82% | +33.87% | +33.13% |
| Retention ratio | +64.81% | +76.38% | +70.29% | +50.69% | +77.27% | +67.09% | +66.18% | +66.13% | +66.87% |
Growth
Year-over-year change for headline P&L lines, plus through-cycle CAGR
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E | 8y CAGR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Top-line | ||||||||||
| Revenue · YoY | — | +18.05% | +4.44% | +8.17% | +9.01% | +6.19% | +5.06% | +6.55% | +7.18% | +8.01% |
| Gross profit · YoY | — | +19.00% | +8.17% | +12.83% | +10.29% | +6.74% | +5.22% | +3.80% | +4.53% | +8.72% |
| Profit | ||||||||||
| Operating income · YoY | — | +18.44% | +16.46% | +16.84% | +11.99% | +2.83% | +6.17% | +3.73% | +6.85% | +10.26% |
| EBITDA · YoY | — | +11.12% | +9.43% | +25.70% | +8.71% | +3.98% | +4.13% | +5.95% | +8.66% | +9.53% |
| Net income · YoY | — | +60.29% | -20.96% | +16.52% | +11.70% | +2.65% | +6.16% | +4.86% | +8.42% | +9.34% |
| Operating | ||||||||||
| EBIT · YoY | — | +16.41% | +12.82% | +28.93% | +3.49% | +1.79% | +6.44% | +7.07% | +10.52% | +10.65% |
| R&D · YoY | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Per-share | ||||||||||
| EPS · diluted · YoY | — | +45.71% | -8.84% | +15.94% | +9.76% | +7.85% | +12.59% | +11.72% | +15.77% | +12.98% |
| EPS · basic · YoY | — | +45.29% | -8.79% | +16.06% | +9.49% | +7.28% | +13.09% | +12.24% | +14.19% | +12.79% |
Credit & leverage
Balance-sheet health + interest coverage + liquidity. Coverage ratios use period-end debt and trailing interest expense.
ActualEstimate
| In USD | FY 2021 | FY 2022 | FY 2023 | FY 2024 | FY 2025 | 2026E | 2027E | 2028E | 2029E |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leverage | |||||||||
| Total debt | $10.72B | $10.1B | $11.83B | $14.78B | $19.71B | $17.15B | $18.44B | $20.22B | $20.66B |
| Net debt | $5.62B | $4.59B | $6.07B | $11.19B | $15.61B | $11.93B | $12.96B | $14.3B | $14.48B |
| Net debt / EBITDA | 1.25 | 0.92 | 1.11 | 1.63 | 2.09 | 1.53 | 1.60 | 1.67 | 1.55 |
| Debt / equity | 0.58 | 0.47 | 0.60 | 0.67 | 0.77 | 0.68 | 0.68 | 0.72 | 0.67 |
| Debt / assets | +27.22% | +23.99% | +27.43% | +30.24% | +33.78% | +29.31% | +30.64% | +32.28% | +30.02% |
| Equity / assets | +46.82% | +50.84% | +45.55% | +45.15% | +43.68% | +43.20% | +45.11% | +44.99% | +44.66% |
| Coverage | |||||||||
| EBITDA / interest expense | 12.89 | 15.65 | 16.02 | 11.64 | 9.23 | 11.73 | 11.55 | 11.92 | 11.70 |
| Operating income / interest | 8.44 | 10.93 | 11.91 | 8.04 | 6.57 | 8.26 | 8.29 | 8.38 | 8.08 |
| Interest expense | $349.26M | $319.67M | $341.67M | $591.01M | $810M | $662.96M | $700.82M | $719.72M | $797.05M |
| Liquidity | |||||||||
| Current ratio | 1.85 | 1.84 | 1.69 | 1.37 | 1.74 | — | — | — | — |
| Quick ratio | 1.86 | 1.76 | 1.08 | 0.85 | 1.00 | — | — | — | — |
| Cash ratio | 0.76 | 0.74 | 0.63 | 0.36 | 0.47 | — | — | — | — |
| Working capital | $5.7B | $6.31B | $6.24B | $3.66B | $6.5B | — | — | — | — |
| Working capital / revenue | +22.13% | +20.76% | +19.66% | +10.65% | +17.36% | — | — | — | — |
Sourced from key_metrics + financial_ratios (loaded by load_fundamentals_extended.py).
Valuation
| Metric | FY 2025 | FY 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| P / E | — | — |
| P / B | — | — |
| EV / EBITDA | — | — |
| EV / Sales | 2.66x | 2.17x |
| Earnings yield | 4.4% | 5.3% |
| FCF yield | 3.5% | 3.8% |
Returns
| Metric | FY 2025 | FY 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Gross margin | — | — |
| Operating margin | — | — |
| Net margin | — | — |
| ROE | 15.5% | 16.0% |
| ROA | 6.4% | 6.8% |
| ROIC | 8.2% | 8.6% |
Leverage & liquidity
| Metric | FY 2025 | FY 2024 |
|---|---|---|
| Debt / equity | — | — |
| Net debt / EBITDA | 2.09 | 1.63 |
| Interest coverage | — | — |
| Current ratio | 1.74x | 1.37x |
| Quick ratio | — | — |
Methodology. ROE / ROA / ROC use period-end balance-sheet denominators (no average-of- period smoothing). ROIC = Operating Income × (1 − inferred effective tax rate) over invested capital, with the effective tax inferred from net-to-operating income when both are positive and a 25% default otherwise. Net debt / EBITDA, debt ratios, and interest-coverage ratios are calculated point-in-time at each fiscal year-end. TTM = trailing 4 quarters (income / cash flow summed, balance sheet = most-recent quarterly snapshot). Through-cycle CAGR in the Growth panel uses the geometric mean of first-to-last period growth across the window (positive values only).